Hi Reader, This e-mail club installment is a follow up to the recent series of posts on biology – specifically the idea that IF we look at life as two main forces of catabolism and anabolism, that can give us real insight*. This post can get a bit technical. But nothing my readers can’t handle.
I start with specifics that support these two premises:
1. Anabolic and Catabolic processes have not blended over 4 billion years, but stayed separate. They have evolved to clear distinct catabolic processes that in many cases would cause real harm if they were blended with anabolic processes.
2. Catabolic processes seem to have evolved to include not only breaking down molecules, but digestion, the immune system, and excreting out waste. Many times these three pathways are related in some way.
Catabolic Specifics:
1. The GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. This tract in animals goes from the mouth to the anus and is for digestion. Note how separate it is from the rest of the body. Excluding the absorption aspect, it is almost completely separate from the rest of the body. Note all the bodies defenses here that protects from antigens. Everything from stomach acids, to spitting out, and excreting out processes.
NOTE: This alimentary tract is separate from anabolic processes (excluding the mostly isolated aspects of absorption). It can involve not only digestion, but protection and parts of the immune system of the animal.
2. LYSOSOMES. These organelles in animal cells not only digest food, but excess or worn out organelles, food particles, engulfed viruses / bacteria, and at the end of the cell’s life they can destroy the entire cell. There is real danger from these, if their membranes break (Tay-Sachs disease, for example).
NOTE: These organelles have to be separate from anabolic processes. They can involve digestion, protection, and / or waste out.
3. VACUOLES. Vesicle in the center of fungi, plants, and some protists, animal and bacterial cells. It is enclosed in a membrane and separate. Vacuoles isolate what’s harmful, store waste, export waste, and in plants carry the poisonous compounds used for protection.
NOTE: These organelles have to be separate from anabolic processes. They involve digestion, protection, and waste out.
4. PHAGOCYTOSIS . The cellular process in protists that engulfs particles in phagocytes and digests them. Note by surrounding the foreign particles it keeps them separate from the rest of the cell. Phagocytosis helps remove waste and ingest pathogens as part of the immune system.
NOTE This cellular process is very separate from the rest of the cell. It involves digestion, protection, and waste out.
5. BACTERIA DIGESTION . Bacteria (and some fungi) digest by excreting enzymes that digest the food outside the cell. Also bacteria excrete toxins that help in protection.
NOTE. The digestive system is outside of the cell and separate from it. It involves digestion, protection, and keeping waste out.
6. IMMUNE SYSTEM. The lymphatic system is separate from the circulatory system. It protects the body, and removes waste. White blood cells are separate from red blood cells.
NOTE The lymphatic system is separate from the rest of the body. It involves protection and waste out.
This shows how anabolic and catabolic processes have evolved along separate pathways over four billion years and that there is little blending of pathways between the two.
And that catabolic processes often overlap between not only breaking down molecules, but digestion, the immune system and excreting out waste.
How difficult is it to imagine that, in response to environmental pressures, an organism could evolve catabolic processes over anabolic processes, or vice versa as needed to better fit the environment.
If natural selection chose more catabolic aspects (digestion, protection, waste out) as the best response for the environment, then they would be stressed in the species. If natural selection chose more anabolic aspects as the best response for the environment, they would be stressed in the species.
Clearly we should expect to find a major division of catabolic and anabolic processes in all life. We should be able to find many novel ways of amplifying the best aspects of catabolic processes, in some species; while others amplifying the best aspects of anabolic processes.
Remember
1. metabolism is catabolism or anabolism
2. the two types of metabolism, even though they are connected, have remained somewhat separate, for evolutionary advantages.
3. the two bolster and support each other through a type of ’symbiotic arms race’ and may be the main driving force in evolution.
Tom Hendricks
(editor of the 16 year old zine Musea)
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/U/UV_origin_of_life.html (UV paper)